2024.05.29 B형감염

안녕하세요,

오늘 신문에서 WHO에서 B형간염에 대한 치료 기준을 확대했다는 내용을 보았습니다.

그래서 오늘은 B형간염이 무엇인지에 대해서 알아보도록 하겠습니다.

 

[B형 간염의 정의]

국문	영문
B형 간염은 B형 간염 바이러스(HBV)에 의해 발생하는 심각한 간 감염입니다.	Hepatitis B is a serious liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV).
대부분의 사람들에게 B형 간염은 단기적(급성이라고도 함)이며 6개월 미만 동안 지속됩니다.	For most people, hepatitis B is short term, also called acute, and lasts less than six months.
그러나 다른 사람들의 경우 감염이 만성화되어 6개월 이상 지속됩니다.	But for others, the infection becomes chronic, meaning it lasts more than six months.
만성 B형 간염에 걸리면 간부전, 간암 또는 간경변증(간에 영구적인 상처를 입히는 질환)이 발생할 위험이 높아집니다.	Having chronic hepatitis B increases your risk of developing liver failure, liver cancer or cirrhosis — a condition that permanently scars the liver.
B형 간염에 걸린 대부분의 성인은 증상이 심각하더라도 완전히 회복됩니다.	Most adults with hepatitis B recover fully, even if their symptoms are severe.
영유아는 B형 간염에 장기간 감염될 가능성이 더 높습니다.	Infants and children are more likely to develop a long-lasting hepatitis B infection.
이는 만성 감염으로 알려져 있습니다.	This is known as a chronic infection.
백신으로 B형 간염을 예방할 수 있지만, B형 간염이 있는 경우 치료법은 없습니다	A vaccine can prevent hepatitis B, but there's no cure if you have the condition.
감염된 경우 특정 예방 조치를 취하면 바이러스가 다른 사람에게 퍼지는 것을 방지하는 데 도움이 될 수 있습니다.	If you're infected, taking certain precautions can help prevent spreading the virus to others.

 

이번에는 증상에 대해서 알아보도록 하겠습니다. 

[B형 간염의 증상]

국문	영문
급성 B형 간염의 증상은 경증부터 중증까지 다양합니다.	Symptoms of acute hepatitis B range from mild to severe.
일반적으로 감염 후 약 1~4개월 후에 나타나며 빠르면 감염 후 2주 후에 나타날 수도 있습니다.	They usually appear about 1 to 4 months after you've been infected, although you could see them as early as two weeks after you're infected.
일부 사람들(대개 어린 아이들)에게는 증상이 전혀 나타나지 않을 수도 있습니다.	Some people, usually young children, may not have any symptoms.
B형 간염 징후 및 증상은 다음과 같습니다.	Hepatitis B signs and symptoms may include:
복통 어두운 소변 발열 관절 통증 식욕 상실 메스꺼움과 구토 약점과 피로 피부와 눈 흰자위가 노랗게 변하는 현상, 황달이라고도 함	Abdominal pain Dark urine Fever Joint pain Loss of appetite Nausea and vomiting Weakness and fatigue Yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes, also called jaundice

 

이번에는 b형간염의 원인에 대해서 알아보도록 하겠습니다. 

 

국문	영문
B형 간염 감염은 B형 간염 바이러스(HBV)에 의해 발생합니다.	Hepatitis B infection is caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV).
바이러스는 혈액, 정액 또는 기타 체액을 통해 사람에서 사람으로 전염됩니다.	The virus is passed from person to person through blood, semen or other body fluids.
재채기나 기침으로 퍼지지는 않습니다.	It does not spread by sneezing or coughing.
HBV가 확산될 수 있는 일반적인 방법은 다음과 같습니다.	Common ways that HBV can spread are:
성적 접촉.	Sexual contact.
B형 간염에 감염된 사람과 보호되지 않은 성관계를 가질 경우 B형 간염에 걸릴 수 있습니다.	You may get hepatitis B if you have unprotected sex with someone who is infected.
사람의 혈액, 타액, 정액 또는 질 분비물이 귀하의 몸에 들어갈 경우 바이러스가 귀하에게 전염될 수 있습니다.	The virus can pass to you if the person's blood, saliva, semen or vaginal secretions enter your body.
바늘 공유	Sharing of needles.
HBV는 감염된 혈액으로 오염된 바늘과 주사기를 통해 쉽게 퍼집니다.	HBV easily spreads through needles and syringes contaminated with infected blood.
IV 약물 관련 도구를 공유하면 B형 간염에 걸릴 위험이 높아집니다.	Sharing IV drug paraphernalia puts you at high risk of hepatitis B.
실수로 바늘이 찔렸습니다.	Accidental needle sticks.
B형 간염은 의료 종사자와 사람의 혈액과 접촉하는 모든 사람의 관심사입니다.	Hepatitis B is a concern for health care workers and anyone else who comes in contact with human blood.
어머니가 아이에게.	Mother to child.
HBV에 감염된 임산부는 출산 중에 아기에게 바이러스를 전염시킬 수 있습니다.	Pregnant women infected with HBV can pass the virus to their babies during childbirth.
그러나 거의 모든 경우에 감염을 피하기 위해 신생아에게 예방접종을 접종할 수 있습니다.	However, the newborn can be vaccinated to avoid getting infected in almost all cases.
임신 중이거나 임신을 원하는 경우 B형 간염 검사에 대해 의료 서비스 제공자에게 문의하십시오.	Talk to your provider about being tested for hepatitis B if you are pregnant or want to become pregnant.

 

B형간염에는 급성과 만성이 있습니다. 이 둘의 차이가 무엇인지 알아보겠습니다. 

 

국문	영문
B형 간염 감염은 급성이라고도 불리는 단기 감염일 수 있습니다. 또는 오랜 시간 지속되어 만성이라고도 알려져 있습니다	Hepatitis B infection may be short-lived, also called acute. Or it might last a long time, also known as chronic.
급성 B형 간염 감염은 6개월 미만 지속됩니다.	만성 B형 간염은 6개월 이상 지속됩니다.
Acute hepatitis B infection lasts less than six months.	Chronic hepatitis B infection lasts six months or longer.
귀하의 면역 체계는 귀하의 신체에서 급성 B형 간염을 제거할 수 있으며 몇 달 내에 완전히 회복될 것입니다	면역 체계가 감염과 싸울 수 없기 때문에 지속됩니다.
Your immune system likely can clear acute hepatitis B from your body, and you should recover completely within a few months.	It lingers because your immune system can't fight off the infection.
성인이 되어 B형 간염에 걸리는 대부분의 사람들은 급성 감염을 앓고 있지만 만성 감염으로 이어질 수도 있습니다.	만성 B형 간염 감염은 평생 지속될 수 있으며, 간경변, 간암과 같은 심각한 질병으로 이어질 수도 있습니다.
Most people who get hepatitis B as adults have an acute infection, but it can lead to chronic infection.	Chronic hepatitis B infection may last a lifetime, possibly leading to serious illnesses such as cirrhosis and liver cancer.
	만성 B형 간염에 걸린 일부 사람들은 증상이 전혀 없을 수도 있습니다. 일부에서는 지속적인 피로와 급성 간염의 경미한 증상이 나타날 수 있습니다. Some people with chronic hepatitis B may have no symptoms at all. Some may have ongoing fatigue and mild symptoms of acute hepatitis.

 

B형 간염에 걸린 나이가 어릴수록, 특히 신생아나 5세 미만의 어린이일수록 감염이 만성화될 위험이 더 높습니다.	The younger you are when you get hepatitis B — particularly newborns or children younger than 5 — the higher your risk of the infection becoming chronic.
만성 감염은 간 질환으로 인해 심각하게 아플 때까지 수십 년 동안 발견되지 않을 수 있습니다.	Chronic infection may go undetected for decades until a person becomes seriously ill from liver disease.

 

 

이번에는 B형간염 위험요소에 대해서 알아보도록 하겠습니다. 

 

위험요소	Risk factors
B형 간염은 감염된 사람의 혈액, 정액 또는 기타 체액과의 접촉을 통해 퍼집니다.	Hepatitis B spreads through contact with blood, semen or other body fluids from an infected person.
다음과 같은 경우 B형 간염 감염 위험이 높아집니다.	Your risk of hepatitis B infection increases if you:
여러 성 파트너 또는 HBV에 감염된 사람과 무방비로 성관계를 갖습니다.	Have unprotected sex with multiple sex partners or with someone who's infected with HBV
IV 약물 사용 중 바늘 공유	Share needles during IV drug use
다른 남자와 섹스를 하는 남자인가	Are a man who has sex with other men
만성 HBV 감염자와 함께 거주	Live with someone who has a chronic HBV infection
		감염된 어머니에게서 태어난 아기	Are an infant born to an infected mother
인간의 혈액에 노출되는 직업을 가지세요	Have a job that exposes you to human blood
아시아, 태평양 제도, 아프리카, 동유럽 등 HBV 감염률이 높은 지역으로 여행	Travel to regions with high infection rates of HBV, such as Asia, the Pacific Islands, Africa and Eastern Europe

 

 

이번에는 B형간염 합병증에 대해서 알아보도록 하겠습니다. 

 

국문	영문
합병증	Complications
만성 HBV 감염은 다음과 같은 심각한 합병증을 유발할 수 있습니다.	Having a chronic HBV infection can lead to serious complications, such as:
간의 흉터(간경변).	Scarring of the liver (cirrhosis).
B형 간염 감염과 관련된 염증은 광범위한 간 흉터(간경화)를 초래하여 간의 기능 능력을 손상시킬 수 있습니다.	The inflammation associated with a hepatitis B infection can lead to extensive liver scarring (cirrhosis), which may impair the liver's ability to function.
간 암.	Liver cancer.
만성 B형 간염에 감염된 사람은 간암 발병 위험이 높습니다.	People with chronic hepatitis B infection have an increased risk of liver cancer.
간부전.	Liver failure.
급성 간부전은 간의 중요한 기능이 중단되는 상태입니다.	Acute liver failure is a condition in which the vital functions of the liver shut down.
이런 일이 발생하면 생존을 위해 간 이식이 필요합니다.	When that occurs, a liver transplant is necessary to stay alive.
B형 간염 바이러스의 재활성화.	Reactivation of the hepatitis B virus.
면역체계가 억제된 만성 B형 간염 환자는 B형 간염 바이러스가 재활성화되기 쉽습니다.	People with chronic hepatitis B who have suppression of their immune system are prone to reactivation of the hepatitis B virus.
이는 심각한 간 손상이나 심지어 간부전으로 이어질 수 있습니다.	This can lead to significant liver damage or even liver failure.
여기에는 고용량 코르티코스테로이드나 화학요법과 같은 면역억제제를 복용하는 사람들이 포함됩니다.	This includes people on immunosuppressive medications, such as high-dose corticosteroids or chemotherapy.
이 약을 복용하기 전에 B형 간염 검사를 받아야 합니다.	Before taking these medications, you should be tested for hepatitis B.
B형 간염 검사 결과가 양성인 경우, 이러한 치료를 시작하기 전에 간 전문의(간 전문의)의 진찰을 받아야 합니다.	If you test positive for hepatitis B, you should be seen by a liver specialist (hepatologist) before starting these therapies.
기타 조건.	Other conditions.
만성 B형 간염 환자는 신장 질환이나 혈관 염증이 발생할 수 있습니다.	People with chronic hepatitis B may develop kidney disease or inflammation of blood vessels.

 

마지막으로 B형간염 예방법에 대해서 알아보도록 하겠습니다. 

 

국문	영문
B형 간염 백신은 일반적으로 어떤 백신을 접종하느냐에 따라 한 달 간격으로 2회 주사하거나 6개월에 걸쳐 3~4회 주사합니다.	The hepatitis B vaccine is typically given as two injections separated by a month or three or four injections over six months, depending on which vaccine is given.
B형 간염은 백신을 통해 감염될 수 없습니다.	You can't get hepatitis B from the vaccine.
B형 간염 백신은 백신에 대한 금기 사항이 없는 19~59세 성인을 대상으로 미국 예방접종 자문위원회에서 권장합니다.	The hepatitis B vaccine is recommended by the United States Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices for adults 19 to 59 years of age who do not have a contraindication to the vaccine.
B형 간염 백신 접종은 다음과 같은 경우에도 강력히 권장됩니다	The hepatitis B vaccine is also strongly recommended for:
신생아	Newborns
출생 시 예방접종을 받지 않은 아동 및 청소년	Children and adolescents not vaccinated at birth
발달장애인센터에서 근무하거나 생활하시는 분	Those who work or live in a center for people who are developmentally disabled
B형 간염에 걸린 사람과 함께 사는 사람	People who live with someone who has hepatitis B
의료 종사자, 응급 구조대원 및 기타 혈액과 접촉하는 사람들	Health care workers, emergency workers and other people who come into contact with blood
HIV를 포함한 성병에 감염된 사람	Anyone who has a sexually transmitted infection, including HIV
남자와 섹스하는 남자	Men who have sex with men
여러 성 파트너가 있는 사람	People who have multiple sexual partners
B형 간염에 걸린 사람의 성 파트너	Sexual partners of someone who has hepatitis B
불법 약물을 주사하거나 바늘, 주사기를 공유하는 사람	People who inject illegal drugs or share needles and syringes
만성 간 질환이 있는 사람	People with chronic liver disease
말기 신장 질환이 있는 사람	People with end-stage kidney disease
B형 간염 감염률이 높은 세계 지역으로 여행을 계획하는 여행자	Travelers planning to go to an area of the world with a high hepatitis B infection rate